Last Updated on June 9, 2025
Basic Security Guard Training – Unit 5, Lesson (C)
What Is Security Patrol and Why Does It Matter
A security patrol is one of the most important tasks for a security guard. Instead of remaining in one place, patrolling allows guards to move through designated areas, observe surroundings, and prevent potential issues. This visibility discourages criminal behavior and enhances safety.
If you’re wondering what is patrolling in security, it refers to the guard’s movement and inspection duties to ensure the safety of people, property, and information.
Staying in a fixed post limits your view, but regular patrols allow you to cover more ground and detect threats early.
Importance of Security Patrol
The main purpose of a security patrol is to maintain security and identify anything unusual within the area under your responsibility.
If you ask, “what is security patrol,” it’s the active process of preventing incidents before they happen. Patrolling helps guards become more aware of changes in their environment and respond accordingly.
Responsibilities During Patrol
When conducting a security patrol, always be alert to the following:
- Housekeeping hazards like garbage piles or blocked exits
- Maintenance issues such as leaks, burnt lights, or faulty equipment
- Emergencies like fires, flooding, or snow damage
- Intrusions, theft, vandalism, or unauthorized access
- Faulty machinery, including cooling/heating systems
- Damaged property or broken infrastructure
- Unauthorized personnel in restricted areas
- Unusual sounds, odors, or signs of tampering
Recording all unusual observations and reporting them immediately is a key part of your responsibility.
Types of Security Patrol
Understanding the five major types of security patrol helps you adapt to different situations:
- Reactive Patrol – Conducted after an incident has already occurred
- Proactive Patrol – Carried out to prevent potential issues
- Control Area Patrol – Follows post orders to dominate specific zones
- Random Patrol – Done at unpredictable times and routes
- Directed Patrol – Assigned by a supervisor or control room for a specific reason
These types of patrols help define the answer to what is patrolling in security by showing how different methods address different risks.
Common Patrol Methods
Depending on the site and situation, patrolling may include:
- Foot patrol
- Bicycle patrol
- Vehicle patrol
- Visual surveillance using CCTV or mirrors
Each method enhances site coverage and response time.
Senses to Use While Patrolling
Stay alert and make use of all five senses during a security patrol:
- Sight – Scan for anything unusual or out of place
- Hearing – Notice unexpected sounds like alarms or running water
- Smell – Detect smoke, chemicals, or gas leaks
- Touch – Feel changes in temperature or air currents
- Taste – Only used with caution, in rare safety-related cases
Checklist for Patrol Inspections
Whether working during the day or night, follow these basic checks:
- Turn off unnecessary equipment
- Identify strange sounds or odors
- Check for water leaks or running taps
- Inspect all doors, windows, and entry points
- Watch for damaged or tampered property
- Use your flashlight properly
- Be careful entering dark areas
- Never smoke during patrols
Night patrols require extra attention since criminals often operate under low visibility, but this can also help you observe quietly and unnoticed.
Responding to Crime During Patrol
If you suspect a crime has occurred:
- Immediately contact the police
- Call for backup if other guards are nearby
- Wait for authorities if alone—avoid taking unnecessary risks
Quick, calm, and correct responses are essential to maintaining control and safety.
Steps to Complete an Effective Patrol
Before Patrol
- Read and understand all post orders
- Review site details and special instructions
- Inspect all patrol equipment
2. During Patrol
- Avoid using the same route every time
- Use your senses actively to detect issues
- Record everything—don’t rely on memory
- Interact respectfully with those on-site and stay visible
- Seek help if confronted
- Walk quietly, especially at night
- Avoid hazardous areas
- Stay focused and sharp
3. After the Patrol
Completing a security patrol doesn’t end when the walk is over. After finishing your rounds:
- Record Your Observations in a Notebook: Immediately note anything unusual you observed, like broken windows, lights left on, or suspicious individuals.
- Write a Security Report: If you noticed anything that may require further attention or action (e.g., a safety hazard or attempted break-in), write a clear, concise report using the proper report format.
- Log the Patrol Time and Route: Use the official patrol log or digital system to note when and where you patrolled. This record helps verify that you completed your duties.
- Notify Your Supervisor: Inform your supervisor of any serious findings or events requiring follow-up.
- Prepare for the Next Patrol: Charge flashlights, check radios, and restock any patrol gear to be ready for the next round.
Summary of Security Patrol Duties
To sum it up, what is a security patrol? It’s the practical act of observing, reporting, and preventing issues on your site.
- Security patrol is the foundation of your role
- Different types of patrols address different threats
- Good preparation and consistent awareness are key
- Never carry weapons unless authorized
- Always be ready to respond to emergencies with a clear plan
Understanding what is patrolling in security will improve your effectiveness and protect the people and property you’re assigned to guard.
